What type of electrical component is a transformer?

A transformer functions as a voltage converter because its primary role is to change an electrical voltage from one level to another through electromagnetic induction. Transformers operate based on the principle of mutual induction between two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary windings. When an alternating current flows through the primary winding, it generates a magnetic field that induces a current in the secondary winding. The ratio of turns in these windings determines whether the transformer steps up (increases) or steps down (decreases) the voltage.

This ability to adjust voltage levels is critical in electrical power distribution systems, ensuring that electricity can be transmitted over long distances efficiently and safely. Thus, describing a transformer as a voltage converter accurately captures its essential function in electrical engineering and design.