What is the primary function of a transformer in an electrical circuit?

The primary function of a transformer in an electrical circuit is to change voltage levels. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are designed to step up or step down voltage while maintaining the same frequency. This is essential in electrical power systems, where high voltages are used for efficient transmission over long distances, and lower voltages are required for safe distribution to homes and businesses.

Transformers consist of two coils of wire (primary and secondary) wound around a magnetic core. When alternating current flows through the primary coil, it creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil. The ratio of turns between the primary and secondary coils determines whether the voltage is increased or decreased. This ability to convert voltages allows transformers to manage power distribution effectively, ensuring that electricity can be transmitted efficiently across the grid and utilized safely in various applications.

In contrast, other functions such as storing energy, regulating current, and measuring power are not primary functions of a transformer. Energy storage is typically accomplished with capacitors or batteries, current regulation is the domain of devices like current transformers or electronic controls, and power measurement is handled by ammeters and wattmeters.