In a sine wave, what is the term for how many times per second an identical pattern repeats itself?

The correct term for the number of times per second that an identical pattern repeats itself in a sine wave is frequency. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), which indicates cycles per second. A sine wave, which is a smooth and continuous periodic oscillation, serves as a fundamental waveform in various fields, particularly in electrical engineering and signal processing.

When discussing sine waves, the frequency defines how many complete cycles occur within a second, allowing one to understand the wave's behavior in time-controlled applications like audio signals, alternating current (AC) electricity, and communications systems. Higher frequencies indicate more cycles per second, leading to higher-pitched sounds in audio or faster switching in electronic signals.

The other terms listed do play important roles in wave mechanics but refer to different characteristics. Amplitude relates to the height of the wave and its intensity, wavelength refers to the distance between successive crests in the wave, and crest refers specifically to the highest point on the wave. In the context of repeating patterns in a sine wave, frequency is the crucial parameter to understand.